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Strategic sport communication model
This is an excerpt from Strategic Sport Communication-2nd Edition by Paul M. Pedersen,Pamela Laucella,Edward Kian & Andrea Geurin.
All of the preceding pages in this chapter lead to the formulation of a unified and dynamic model of sport communication. A model can be defined as "a representation of a phenomenon" (Craig, 2013, pp. 46 - 47). In our effort to represent the big picture while also detailing interrelationships between various components, we propose a conceptual analysis that represents sport communication phenomena while presenting both micro and macro perspectives on the discipline. This unique model - the Strategic Sport Communication Model - illustrates the uniqueness of sport communication. It is built on the elements - theory (i.e., communication genres), context (i.e., levels and segmentation), and the communication process - outlined in the preceding parts of the chapter. As revealed in figure 4.4, the SSCM explains, systematically and rationally, the relationships between the key variables in sport communication. The model's framework bridges theory and practice by combining the process of sport communication and the main elements (categories) of the field. Therefore, it is both a process-based and a structurally based approach.
The Strategic Sport Communication Model (SSCM).
The SSCM encompasses - and is highly influenced by - the many areas and perspectives associated with communication, as well as other sport-related segments of the communication field, such as marketing and management. For example, the major influence from marketing is segmentation. By segmenting sport communication, the model includes all of the major levels, contexts, and content areas of the field (e.g., advertising, broadcasting, communication studies, communication technology, social media, journalism, public relations). The context or levels of sport communication consist of three components. Component 1 includes personal and organizational communication in sport, component 2 includes mediated communication in sport, and component 3 includes sport communication services and support systems.The use of models is nothing new in sport-related disciplines. In the field of sport management, for example, the areas of sport public relations and sport marketing make use of numerous theories, models, processes, concepts, and strategic approaches for both research and practice (e.g., Pitts & Stotlar, 2013; Shank & Lyberger, 2015; Stoldt, Dittmore, & Branvold, 2012).
The major influence on the model from the field of communication consists of the process used in communication, including sport communication. The SSCM, which uses modeling to illustrate both the process and the components of sport communication, is also influenced by the areas of applied communication (e.g., communication needs of sport organizations, ways to improve communication between sport supervisors and employees); public address, speech education, and communication education (e.g., speech communication, pedagogical contexts); communication theory (e.g., analyses of communication in social interactions); gender and communication (e.g., differences and similarities in styles and characteristics); international communication; intercultural communication; legal communication; performance communication; political communication; and a host of other communication perspectives.
In short, then, the SSCM requires the perspectives of a variety of academic disciplines. One must understand communication theory and the process of communication in order to look at the entire field of sport communication. In all facets of sport communication, the communication process is evident. Sport communication is a process, and that process does not take place in a vacuum - it must be played out in a context. That context, or level, can involve personal settings (e.g., face to face, small group), organizational settings (e.g., between two sport organizations), mediated sport communication (e.g., social media postings and tweets), or sport communication support services (e.g., sport public relations podcasts). Beyond the process, the other components of the model provide a comprehensive segmentation of the entire field of sport communication. In other words, the process and components included in the model account for every activity and career, as well as every attribute and aspect, of sport communication. In this way, the model combines the process view with structural analysis of sport entities.
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