
Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscles PDF
Author:
At this time, our website is unable to accommodate tax-exempt orders.
For credit card security, do not include credit card information in email.
First time orders from US Business/Institutional accounts with a tax-exempt certificate must be emailed to orders@hkusa.com or faxed to 217-351-1549. Include a copy of your sales tax-exempt certificate.
Repeat orders may be placed by phone at 1-800-747-5698 or 217-351-5076.
Richly illustrated and presented in clear, concise language, Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscles is an essential resource for those seeking advanced knowledge of muscle biomechanics. Written by leading experts Vladimir Zatsiorsky and Boris Prilutsky, the text is one of the few to look at muscle biomechanics in its entirety—from muscle fibers to muscle coordination—making it a unique contribution to the field.
Using a blend of experimental evidence and mechanical models, Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscles provides an explanation of whole muscle biomechanics at work in the body in motion. The book first addresses the mechanical behavior of single muscles—from the sarcomere level up to the entire muscle. The architecture of human muscle, the mechanical properties of tendons and passive muscles, the biomechanics of active muscles, and the force transmission and shock absorption aspects of muscle are explored in detail. Next, the various issues of muscle functioning during human motion are addressed. The transformation from muscle force to joint movements, two-joint muscle function, eccentric muscle action, and muscle coordination are analyzed.
This advanced text assumes some knowledge of algebra and calculus; however, the emphasis is on understanding physical concepts. Higher-level computational descriptions are placed in special sections in the later chapters of the book, allowing those with a strong mathematical background to explore this material in more detail. Readers who choose to skip over these sections will find that the book still provides a strong conceptual understanding of advanced topics. Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscles also contains numerous special features that facilitate readers’ comprehension of the topics presented. More than 300 illustrations and accompanying explanations provide an extensive visual representation of muscle biomechanics. Refresher sidebars offer brief reminders of mathematical and biomechanical concepts, and From the Literature sidebars present practical examples that illustrate the concepts under discussion. Chapter summaries and review questions provide an opportunity for reflection and self-testing, and reference lists at the end of each chapter provide a starting point for further study.
Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscles offers a thorough explanation of whole muscle biomechanics, bridging the gap between foundational biomechanics texts and scientific literature. With the information found in this text, readers can prepare themselves to better understand the latest in cutting-edge research.
Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscles is the third volume in the Biomechanics of Human Motion series. Advanced readers in human movement science gain a comprehensive understanding of the biomechanics of human motion as presented by one of the world’s foremost researchers on the subject, Dr. Vladimir Zatsiorsky. The series begins with Kinematics of Human Motion, which details human body positioning and movement in three dimensions; continues with Kinetics of Human Motion, which examines the forces that create body motion and their effects; and concludes with Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscles, which explains the action of the biological motors that exert force and produce mechanical work during human movement.
Part I. Muscle Architecture and Mechanics
Chapter 1. Muscle Architecture
Muscle Fascicles and Their Arrangements
• Parallel Fibered and Fusiform Muscles
• Pennate Muscles
• Convergent and Circular Muscles
Muscle Fascicle Curvature: Frenet Frames
Fiber Architecture in the Fascicles
Muscle as a Fiber-Reinforced Composite
Fiber, Fascicle, and Muscle Length: Length–Length Ratios
• Fiber and Fascicle Length
• Length–Length Ratios
Muscle Path: Muscle Centroids
• Straight-Line Representation of Muscle Path
• Centroid Model of Muscle Path
• Curved and Wrapping Muscles
• Twisted Muscles
• Muscles Attaching to More Than Two Bones
Cross-Sectional Area, Physiological and Anatomical
Muscle Attachment Area
Summary
Questions for Review
Literature List
Chapter 2. Properties of Tendons and Passive Muscles
Biomechanics of Tendons and Aponeuroses
• Elastic Behavior
• Viscoelastic Behavior of Tendons
• Tendon Interaction With Surrounding Tissues
Mechanical Properties of Passive Muscles
• Muscle Tone: Equitonometry
• Mechanical Properties of Relaxed Muscles
On Joint Flexibility
Summary
Questions for Review
Literature List
Chapter 3. Mechanics of Active Muscle
Muscle Force Production and Transmission
• Experimental Methods
• Transition From Rest to Activity
• Transition From Activity to Rest: Muscle Relaxation
• Constancy of the Muscle Volume
• Force Transmission and Internal Deformations (Strain)
• Intramuscular Stress and Pressure
• Functional RelationsForce-Length Relations
• Force–Velocity Relations
• Force–Length–Velocity Relations
History Effects in Muscle Mechanics
• Force Depression After Muscle Shortening
• Effects of Muscle Release: Quick-Release and Controlled-Release Methods: Series Muscle Components
Summary
Questions for Review
Literature List
Chapter 4. Muscles as Force and Energy Absorbers
Muscle Mechanical Behavior During Stretch
• Dynamic Force Enhancement
• Residual Force Enhancement
Muscle Shortening After Stretch
• Work and Power During Shortening After Stretch
• Energy Consumption During Stretch and Efficiency of the Muscle Shortening After Stretch
Dissipation of Energy
Mechanical Muscle Models
• Hill-Type Model
• Model Scaling
Summary
Questions for Review
Literature List
Part II Muscles in the Body
Chapter 5. From Muscle Forces to Joint Moments
Force Transmission: From Muscle to Bone
• From Muscle to Tendon
• From Tendon to Bone
• Tendon Elasticity and Isometric Force–Length Relation
Force Transmission Via Soft Tissue Skeleton (Fascia)
• Structure of Fascia
• Muscle–Tendon–Fascia Attachments
• Fascia as Soft Tissue Skeleton (Ectoskeleton)
Muscle Moment Arms
• Muscle Moment Arm Vectors and Their Components
• Methods for Determination of Muscle Moment Arms
• Factors Affecting Muscle Moment Arm
• Transformation of Muscle Forces to Joint Moments: Muscle Jacobian
Summary
Questions for Review
Literature List
Chapter 6. Two-Joint Muscles in Human Motion
Two-Joint Muscles: A Special Case of Multifunctional Muscles
• Functional Features of Two-Joint Muscles
• Anatomical and Morphological Features of Two-Joint Muscles
Functional Roles of Two-Joint Muscles
• Kinetic Analysis of Two-Joint Muscles: Lombard’s Paradox
• Kinematic Analysis of Two-Joint Muscles: Solution of Lombard’s Paradox
Mechanical Energy Transfer and Saving by Two-Joint Muscles
• Tendon Action of Two-Joint Muscles
• Saving Mechanical Energy by Two-Joint Muscles
Summary
Questions for Review
Literature List
Chapter 7. Eccentric Muscle Action in Human Motion
Joint Power and Work as Measures of Eccentric Action
• Negative Power and Work at a Joint
• Total Negative Power and Work in Several Joints
• Negative Power of Center of Mass Motion
• Two Ways of Mechanical Energy Dissipation: Softness of Landing
Negative Work in Selected Activities
• Walking
• Stair Descent and Ascent
• Level, Downhill, and Uphill Running
• Landing
Joint Moments During Eccentric Actions
• Maximal Joint Moments During Eccentric Actions
• Force Changes During and After Stretch
• Residual Force Enhancement in Humans
Muscle Activity During Eccentric Actions
• Surface Electromyographic Activity During Eccentric Actions
• Motor Unit Activity During Eccentric Actions
• Electromechanical Delay
Physiological Cost of Eccentric Action
• Oxygen Consumption During Eccentric and Concentric Exercise
• Fatigue and Perceived Exertion During Eccentric Action
• Muscle Soreness After Eccentric Exercise
Reversible Muscle Action: Stretch–Shortening Cycle
• Enhancement of Positive Work and Power Production
• Mechanisms of the Performance Enhancement in the SSC
• Efficiency of Positive Work in SSC
Summary
Questions for Review
Literature List
Chapter 8. Muscle Coordination in Human Motion
Kinematic Redundancy and Kinematic Invariant Characteristics of Limb Movements
• Straight-Line Limb Endpoint Trajectory
• Bell-Shaped Velocity Profile8.1.3 Power Law
• Fitts’ Law
• Principle of Least Action
Kinetic Invariant Characteristics of Limb Movements
• Elbow–Shoulder Joint Moment Covariation During Arm Reaching
• Minimum Joint Moment Change
• Orientation and Shape of the Arm Apparent Stiffness Ellipses
Muscle Redundancy
• Sources of Muscle Redundancy
• Invariant Features of Muscle Activity Patterns
The Distribution Problem
• Static Optimization
• Dynamic Optimization
• Inverse Optimization
• On Optimization Methods in Human Biomechanics and Motor Control
Summary
Questions for Review
Literature List
"This is an excellent book for readers interested in building upon a basic understanding of biomechanics....In addition to the well-credentialed authors' expertise, important peer-reviewed research is presented throughout the book."
--Doody's Book Review (5-star review)